Historical structures of the agricultural landscape (HSAL) hold a special position among historical landscape structures. The HSAL inventory in Slovakia aimed at countryside mapping of HSAL and was established to provide new knowledge on HSAL distribution and conditions in Slovakia. The HSAL database provides outcomes of field mapping and identification of HSAL and their classification throughout Slovakia. The sum of 593 HSAL polygons were recorded in the field, and a total of 3 010 polygons were identified as HSAL based on aerial photos. From a land use viewpoint, 4 classes of HSAL were distinguished under the following classification scheme: (1) historical structures of the agricultural landscape with dispersed settlement; (2) historical structures of vineyards’ landscape; (3) historical structures of arable land, grasslands and orchards; (4) historical structures of arable land and grasslands. The most frequent classes encountered are the historical structures of arable land and grasslands, and then the HSAL with dispersed settlement.