The authors discussed evaluation of the ecological problems resulting from the conflict of interests in important industrial region of the Slovak Republic – Žiarska kotlina. The evaluation is based on the confrontation of two basic groups of the landscape ecological factors: 1. threatened – positive elements of the region – are securing a good ecological status of the region. All protected territories and all socio-economic parameters expressing interests of protection of natural sources in the region belong to this group – water, forests, soil, recreation etc. 2. Threatening – having a negative impact on the landscape – are mainly socio-economic phenomena expressing interests of development of productive and exploiting branches and transport. There are primary and secondary threatening (stress) factors. Territorial conflict of threatened and threatening factors produces a basis for rising of ecological problems in the landscape. In the territory of Žiarska kotlina we can determine the following groups of the ecological problems: – Problems of endangering of natural resources, – Problems of endangering of human beings and existence of human society, – Problems of endangering of ecological stability of the landscape.